Department of Environmental Law and Climate Change | Special Bulletin COP 30
On November 21st, 2025, the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP 30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Belém, Brazil, concluded. The summit registered more than 56,000 registrants from 193 countries.
In the high-level interventions, Simon Stiell, UN Executive Secretary on Climate Change, stressed that “we committed to accelerating the full implementation of national climate plans”. For his part, Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, in his opening speech, remarked that “without the Paris Agreement (PA), the world would be destined for catastrophic warming of almost five degrees by the end of the century.”
Also, at the institutional level, within the framework of COP 30, ministers of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil, members of constitutional courts of other countries and representatives of international courts met and emphasized that the climate crisis is also settled in the courts, underlining the role of the Judiciary as an agent promoting climate justice and defender of the environment.
During the conference, important agreements were reached that will set the course for international climate action. The most relevant topics discussed in this edition of the COP are highlighted below.
OFFICIAL DECISIONS
Parties adopted the Global Mutirão Initiative through which they launched the Global Implementation Accelerator, an initiative aimed at accelerating implementation by all actors to keep the 1.5°C goal of the PA within reach, as well as supporting all countries in the implementation of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and national adaptation plans.
On the other hand, they resolved to launch the Belém Mission to 1.5, aimed at enabling greater ambition and implementation of NDCs and national adaptation plans and promoting international cooperation and investment in mitigation and adaptation
On finance, they reaffirmed the goal of scaling climate finance for developing countries from all sources, public and private, to at least USD 1.3 trillion annually by 2035[1]. In parallel, they decided to urgently advance actions that will maintain the trajectory towards mobilizing at least USD 300,000 million per year by 2035 specifically for climate action in developing countries, with leadership from developed countries.
They also reaffirmed the commitment to double adaptation finance by 2025 and called for at least tripling it by 2035. They called on developed parties to increase the trajectory of their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing parties.
Finally, they established a 2-year work programme on climate finance to deepen and order the debate, including on Article 9.1 PA, facilitated by two co-chairs, one from a developed country and one from a developing country.
Parties adopted the Belém Adaptation Indicators, composed of 59 indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation, concluding the UAE–Belém work programme on indicators. The approved indicators are voluntary, non-prescriptive and non-punitive; they do not create new obligations or condition developing countries’ access to finance.
Its role is to guide, at the discretion of each Party, the monitoring of progress towards the thematic and dimensional targets of the Global Goal on Adaptation, without imposing additional burdens, particularly on developing countries. On the other hand, they established a 2-year process (Belém–Addis) to politically and technically align the indicators.
The following indicators stand out, among others: (i) climatic hazards, keeping this category flexible to reflect the different risks faced by countries, which may include floods, droughts, rising temperatures, storms, cyclones, landslides and other extreme weather events, considering both current and anticipated hazards; (ii) geographical features that take into account different physical and regional contexts, including coastal zones, islands, mountains, arid and semi-arid regions, deltas, watersheds, and cryosphere regions; (iii) ecosystems —terrestrial, inland waters, mountains, marine and coastal, among other relevant ecosystems—; (iv) proportion of critical water and sanitation infrastructure that is resilient to climate hazards under different warming scenarios, as appropriate to each region and context; and (v) proportion of the total area of watersheds and cryosphere zones for which a climate adaptation plan has been developed and implemented based on various warming scenarios, as appropriate.
Finally, they decided to review the indicators after the second global stocktake (2029) and to develop terms of reference for the review in 2026-2027.
Parties decided how the UAE Dialogue will be organized and used to implement the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake (GST), closed the cycle of the annual GST dialogue in 2026, and set procedural guidelines to make the process more inclusive, accessible, and scientifically robust going forward.
In this regard, they agreed that the process should be facilitative, not prescriptive, focused on sharing experiences and needs, and will serve to share experiences and information on opportunities, challenges, barriers and needs, with a focus on financing, capacity building and technology transfer, in addition to strengthening international cooperation.
The dialogue will be organized by the SBSTA[2] and SBI Chairs [3] with support from the secretariat, which will designate 2 co-facilitators. It will be held annually in 2026 and 2027, with a ministerial segment in 2027. Inputs may be submitted by Parties, observers, constituted bodies and international organizations. They also invited the scientific community to provide the best available inputs, including the IPCC.
Parties encouraged the Green Climate Fund Board to simplify access modalities and contribute to the 2024–2027 target of doubling direct access entities with approved proposals, with increased support for capacity building and non-governmental access.
In addition, among other issues, they urged the Fund to continue strengthening its partnerships with the private sector, including SMEs, in a way that complements public financing and supports the implementation of country-defined priorities.
They encouraged greater complementarity with other funds, including possible mutual acceptance of accreditation with the Adaptation Fund and the Global Environment Facility to simplify access.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) submitted a report to the COP and received guidance for its work, including a request that the GEF support developing countries in achieving the global adaptation target and continue to provide financial support for transparency reporting.
Among other relevant issues for the private sector, the following stand out:
- The use of Climate Finance Roundtables, based on the Resilience and Sustainability Facilities, as mechanisms that combine deep reforms, long-term concessional financing and the obligation to catalyze private investment, is highlighted. It is noted that these platforms are jointly chaired by the ministries of finance and environment.
- It underscores the importance of harmonized regulatory frameworks, green budgets and long-term planning to provide clear signals to the private sector, supported by the Net Zero Accelerator and Nature Positive program.
- The Challenges for Innovation in Adaptation Program selected 13 initiatives aimed at closing financing gaps for SMEs, microfinance and scalable technologies.
- Emphasis is placed on catalyzing private investment in zero-emission transport through risk-sharing facilities, including initiatives in Africa, Central Asia and the Caribbean.
- The approval of 4 projects for the efficient use of energy and materials is highlighted, including a program in India aimed at decarbonizing SMEs in 8 key sectors, with a significant component of capacity building (1,250 professionals trained and 28,400 people sensitized).
- It points to 3 projects with high mitigation potential, including an initiative in Liberia that plans to restore 25,000 ha, reduce 1.1 MtCO2e and benefit more than 60,000 people.
Parties noted that the Adaptation Fund’s annual resource mobilization target (USD 300 million) was not met. In this sense, they underlined the urgency of increasing resources, with the need for additional voluntary contributions. The cap per country was doubled from USD 20 million to USD 40 million. In addition, the maximum size of single-country projects and programmes was increased from USD 10 million to USD 25 million, and that of regional (multi-country) projects and programmes from USD 14 million to USD 30 million.
Parties extended the mandate of the Climate Technology Centre (CTCN) until 2041 with an initial period of 5 years, followed by 2 renewal periods of 5 years each.
In turn, they adopted their revised functions from 2027. The CTC is geared towards driving the development and transfer of climate technologies to support developing countries in reducing emissions and increasing resilience. Among its functions are:
- Provide assistance at the request of developing countries in matters of technology, regulatory frameworks, institutions, among others.
- Foster collaborations with the private sector, philanthropy, public institutions, and academia and research centers, as well as North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation.
- Cooperate with relevant technology centers and organizations at national, regional, and international levels.
- Forge international public-private partnerships to accelerate the development and deployment of technologies in developing countries.
- Provide on-site technical assistance and training to implement prioritized technology actions.
- Matchmaking financing, connecting technological needs with sources of funds for its implementation.
The decision urged parties to explicitly consider just transition trajectories in their NDCs, national adaptation plans and long-term low-emission development strategies, informed by the results of the first global stocktake.
The Parties decided to develop a just transition mechanism aimed at enhancing international cooperation, technical assistance, capacity building and knowledge sharing on labour rights, human rights, the right to a healthy environment and the participation of historically marginalized groups.
Parties also reaffirmed the explicit role of the private sector within a “whole economy” approach, including micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and rural economy actors. They reinforced expectations of due diligence on human and labour rights, with reference to international frameworks such as the ILO Guidelines for a Just Transition and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
- Fossil fuels
At COP 30, the Parties did not reach an agreement on the exit from fossil fuels, despite the fact that COP 28 in 2023 (Dubai) explicitly included a request for countries to contribute to phasing out fossil fuels in order to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
Opinions were exchanged arguing that the roadmap was not an item on the negotiation agenda. For its part, Brazil, as president of COP 30, announced that it will create the roadmap as its own initiative (Transitioning Away From Fossil Fuels Roadmap).
It should be clarified that on April 28 and 29, 2026, the Global Fossil Fuels Phase-Out Conference will be held in Santa Marta, Colombia.
OTHER ANNOUNCEMENTS
In addition to the official statements, other announcements were made during COP 30, including:
Belém Declaration for Green Industrialization
With the support of 35 countries, organizations and international initiatives, the Belém Declaration for Green Industrialization was launched, which sets environmental, economic and social goals to accelerate the energy transition, modernize industry and promote sustainable growth with greater opportunities for the Global South.
Here are some highlights from the Declaration:
- Starting points:
- Without cuts in heavy industry and advances in “green industrialization” (including renewable energy, energy storage, energy efficiency, circular production, and sustainable mining), the carbon goals of the PA will not be met;
- The diversification and integration of green supply chains can accelerate global emissions reductions and generate more resilient economies, especially in the Global South; and
- Industrial decarbonization is a global challenge that requires valuing and taking advantage of technological routes, resources and strengths of each country and region; Although not universally scalable, local innovations are essential and should be incorporated into international trade, investment and cooperation frameworks.
- Commitments assumed:
- Promote fair and sustainable green industrialization with a focus on the Global South;
- Strengthen multilateral cooperation to align financing, technical assistance, technological co-development and capacity building;
- Improve information flows and coordination (including COP Activation Groups) to avoid duplication and accelerate projects; and
- Create a coordination mechanism with the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), guided by a Monitoring Group including the COP Troika, to ensure continuity and coherence between COPs.
Link for more information.
The Sustainable Business COP (SB COP) presented recommendations to accelerate private sector climate action
Under the coordination of the Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI), SB COP presented a set of recommendations to accelerate private sector climate action. Some of the proposals are:
- Strengthen regulatory frameworks and incentives to accelerate the transition to the circular economy;
- Promote innovation in materials, waste management and circularity of supply chains to reduce emissions;
- Boosting productivity through innovation, technical assistance, and inclusive deployment in low- and middle-income countries;
- Clarify and disseminate the role of Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) in the global climate transition as essential infrastructure to make the global goal of net zero emissions viable.
- Promote sustainable construction and implement data-driven and climate-resilient urban management.
- Align global carbon markets to support cross-border climate finance.
These recommendations are aligned with 8 strategic working groups: 1) Energy Transition, 2) Circular Economy and Materials, 3) Bioeconomy, 4) Food Systems, 5) Nature-Based Solutions, 6) Sustainable Cities, 7) Finance and Investment for the Transition, and 8) Green Jobs and Skills.
Link for more information.
COP 30 Joint Declaration and Roadmap on International Assistance and Partnerships for Green Industry Transitions
The Working Group on Supporting Green Industry for Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (a coalition of governments, development banks, international organizations and philanthropic partners) presented a package of concrete actions and collaborative measures to accelerate the green industrial transformation in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs).
The priority areas of action of the package are:
- Create collaborative ecosystems to connect countries, initiatives and knowledge;
- Mobilize investments by aligning financial institutions, governments, and philanthropic organizations around country-led industry strategies;
- Boost demand and market-building for near-zero emission materials through public and private procurement, common standards and innovative market mechanisms;
- Strengthen competitiveness and resilient supply chains to generate new trade and investment partnerships in green industries; and
- Improve transparency and accountability through harmonized carbon accounting and country-led measurement systems.
Link for more information.
Creation of the Rainforests Forever Fund
The Tropical Forests Forever Fund (TFFF) is an instrument that enables collaboration between public and private sector investors and civil society initiatives in order to promote conservation strategies and strengthen partnerships around the world to protect tropical ecosystems. The initial goal is to raise USD 25 billion from donor countries and USD 100 billion from institutional investors. In total, 60 countries signed their Launch Declaration.
Link for more information.
Statement on the Open Coalition of Regulated Carbon Markets
Brazil, China, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and seven other countries adopted the Declaration on the Open Coalition of Regulated Carbon Markets. This initiative seeks to strengthen and coordinate Carbon Markets to drive decarbonization and achieve Nationally Determined Contributions under the PA. To this end, countries will be able to exchange carbon pricing mechanisms, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems, carbon accounting methodologies and standards on the possible use of high-integrity offsets.
In addition, the Declaration promotes the interoperability of carbon markets in the long term and encourages an inclusive and neutral technological approach and the exchange of knowledge and experiences.
Link for more information.
Multilateral Development Banks Launch New Guidelines to Measure Nature and Expand Funding
The IDB Group and the European Bank Group, on behalf of the Multilateral Development Banks’ Working Group on the Nature, and together with the Government of Brazil, launched Financing Nature: A Practitioner’s Guide To Results Metrics Selection, a tool designed to help governments, financial institutions and NGOs improve efficiency, comparability and credibility in the measurement and financing of nature.
Link for more information.
Climate Change Information Integrity Statement
The Global Initiative for the Integrity of Climate Change Information launched the Declaration on the Integrity of Climate Change Information, in which signatory countries committed to:
- Promote the integrity of climate change-related information;
- Support the sustainability of a media ecosystem to ensure accurate and reliable coverage of climate and environmental issues;
- Support the inclusion of information integrity commitments in the Climate Empowerment Action agenda;
- Promote informed and inclusive climate action, fostering equitable access to accurate, evidence-based and understandable information for all and;
- Foster cooperation and capacity building to address threats to information integrity, protecting those who report and research on climate issues.
The Declaration was developed in collaboration with the civil society members of the Global Initiative Advisory Group and supported by Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay, the Netherlands and Belgium.
Link for more information.
Global Reporting Initiative launched a new tool for corporate climate action
The GRI launched the Integrity Matters Checklist , a resource to help organizations align their climate reporting using the GRI Standards with the official UN approach to establishing credible climate transition commitments, targets, and plans.
Link for more information.
Leading countries launched a set of initiatives to accelerate global action on methane and other non-CO₂ greenhouse gases
At the methane summit, the Countries Action Accelerator on Super Pollutants was launched to create National Super Pollutant Units, a multi-year initiative of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to accelerate reductions in gases such as methane, in 30 developing countries by 2030.
Link for more information.
The steel sector announced agreements to advance the measurement and comparability of GHG emissions
Responsible Steel announced partnerships with two standards: the European Low Emission Steel Standard (LESS) and the China Low Carbon Steel Standard (C2F Steel), to promote comparability and global trade of low- and near-zero steel, covering around 60% of global steel production.
Link for more information.
The cement sector reported a 25% reduction in CO2 intensity and called for urgent government action to accelerate the net-zero emissions mission
The Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) released a report detailing a 25% reduction in the sector’s CO2 intensity since 1990 and called for urgent government action to accelerate the mission of net zero emissions. The report, which highlights more than 60 decarbonization projects, recommends policies to promote the use of waste as alternative fuels and recycled materials, update building codes to incentivize low-carbon cement and concrete products, and establish carbon pricing mechanisms.
Link for more information.
Companies in the electricity sector increased their target for investments in clean energy networks
The Utilities for Net Zero Alliance (UNEZA) raised its annual clean energy transmission and storage investment target from USD 117 billion to USD 148 billion, projecting a portfolio of USD 1 trillion through 2030.
Link for more information.
IDB issued its first Amazon Bond for USD 100 million
The IDB issued its first Amazon Bond in São Paulo for USD 100 million, inaugurating a USD 1,000 million issuance program to finance high-impact projects in the Amazon region that improve livelihoods, strengthen economic resilience, promote sustainable forest management and protect biodiversity.
Link for more information.
IDB launches first multilateral bank guarantee for forest restoration in the Amazon
The IDB has approved the first guarantee from a multilateral bank for forest restoration in the Amazon for USD 15 million. Valid for 20 years, the guarantee will support the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area in Pará, supporting the Triunfo do Xingu Recovery Unit, a pioneering public-private partnership in forest restoration concessions in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Link for more information.
IDB launches new tools to improve disaster risk management in Latin America and the Caribbean
The IDB Group, in collaboration with Google and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), launched two tools to strengthen disaster risk management in Latin America and the Caribbean:
- RiskMONITOR measures risk, its management and evolution with preparedness, response, resources and vulnerability indicators by country; and
- RiskHUB is a platform with artificial intelligence to project impacts and support immediate response, territorial planning, infrastructure design and fiscal policy.
Link for more information.
IDB, CAF and the Caribbean Development Bank launched a joint debt-for-resilience swap initiative for the Caribbean
The IDB, CAF and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) launched a joint debt-for-resilience swap initiative with multiple guarantors to strengthen disaster preparedness and alleviate debt pressures in the Caribbean. The initiative will focus on:
- Expand debt-for-resilience swaps to create fiscal space;
- Strengthen coordination between multilateral development banks, governments, and private sector partners to scale; and
- Improve transparency, monitoring and evaluation standards to attract more investment.
Link for more information.
CAF financing for sustainable growth and strengthening climate action in the region
CAF confirmed an investment of USD 40,000 million, over the next five years, aimed at financing projects linked to the following areas: just energy transition; resilience, strategic ecosystems and the agricultural sector; resilient territories and physical and digital infrastructure.
Link for more information.
CAF presented the first resilience bond for Latin America and the Caribbean together with the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
The USD 100 million bond will finance resilient infrastructure aimed at reducing vulnerabilities to climate threats, ensuring the continuity of essential services in Latin America and the Caribbean, and promoting people’s well-being. The first projects will be developed in Brazil.
Link for more information.
Caixa launched a platform to reduce carbon emissions in housing projects
The financial institution Caixa Econômica Federal launched a platform designed to measure the carbon emissions generated in housing projects financed by the institution, in partnership with the University of São Paulo.
Link for more information.
First impact bond on meteorological and climate data
The Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF) opened the possibility of receiving contributions to raise USD 200 million for a climate impact bond aimed at strengthening systematic observation of the planet and helping to close critical gaps in weather and climate data in at least 30 least developed countries and small island developing states.
Link for more information.
The Global Investment Transformation Agenda launched the Latin America and the Caribbean Water Investment Program
The Global Water Investment Transformation Agenda launched the Latin America and Caribbean Water Investment Program (LAC-IP), guided by a High-Level Panel of Heads of State and Leaders, to mobilize USD 20 billion in climate-resilient water investments by 2030.
Link for more information.
The role of technology as a strategic ally in the fight against the climate crisis was reaffirmed
The Green Digital Action Hub was launched, a global platform to support technological innovation and the acceleration of climate action. This platform is the result of the Green Digital Action Declaration, agreed by 82 countries and 1,800 organizations at COP 29 in Azerbaijan. In addition, the Artificial Intelligence Institute was presented, a global initiative to support governments with climate technology solutions and ensure coordinated and sustainable digital integration.
Link for more information.
UN Insurance Transition Forum Launches First “Balance Sheet” Transition Guide for Insurers
The Insurance Transition Forum (FIT), convened by the United Nations, presented a global guide that provides insurers, reinsurers and brokers with a practical, principled framework for developing and disseminating credible transition plans at the enterprise level.
Link for more information.
The Climate and Health Funders Coalition pledged USD 300 million
More than 35 philanthropic organizations (including Bloomberg Philanthropies, Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, Gates Foundation, The Rockefeller Foundation, and others) announced the creation of the Climate and Health Funders Coalition and committed to an initial investment of USD 300 million to drive solutions that address climate change and its health impacts. in low- and middle-income countries.
Link for more information.
Amazon countries signed a Declaration to mobilize USD 1,000 million for cities and resilient infrastructure
The countries of the Amazon (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Suriname) signed the Declaration on the Amazonia Sempre Program for Resilient Cities and Infrastructure, a regional partnership that seeks to mobilize more than USD 1,000 million to accelerate investments in water security, clean energy and resilient urban infrastructure, with a multisectoral and territorial approach. The initiative was formalized through a joint declaration signed by the member countries.
Link for more information.
The Zero Emissions Policy Working Group released its report Policy Matters: From Pledges to Implementation- A Decade After Paris
The Zero Emissions Policy Working Group (TNZP) released its report Policy Matters: From Pledges to Implementation- A Decade After Paris, which contains the global update on progress on net-zero emissions policy, and on suggested best practices for governments, businesses and financial institutions.
Link for more information.
The 2025 Global Climate Action Yearbook presented an acceleration of climate action
The 2025 Yearbook of Global Climate Action, produced by the High-Level Champions with the presidency of COP 30 and the UNFCCC, shows that cities, businesses, governments and communities have scaled up their efforts to reduce emissions, strengthen resilience and drive a more inclusive and low-carbon economy.
Link for more information.
The UK Government took action to protect and restore nature
The United Kingdom announced the first corporate contribution to the Cali Fund, made by the British startup Tierra Viva AI, to mobilize private financing that shares benefits with Indigenous Peoples and local communities for the use of genetic resources.
Link for more information.
The University of Oxford launched Nature’s Intelligence Studio
The Centre for Technology and Industrialisation for Development at the University of Oxford (TIDE Centre) launched the Nature’s Intelligence Studio, a program that seeks to translate nature’s principles into technological solutions to support the energy transition and sustainable development, while ensuring fair benefit-sharing with communities in biodiverse regions.
Link for more information.
The University of Oxford launched a study on aligning different countries’ laws and regulations with climate goals
The University of Oxford presented The Climate Policy Monitor (2025 version), a study on climate policies in 37 countries (including the G20 as a whole), which aims to build the evidence base and capacity to promote effective, rigorous and equitable net-zero regulation and policies.
The report concludes that (a) climate policies are being strengthened at the global level; (b) developing countries are increasingly setting the pace for climate action, and (c) yet, taken together, policies remain insufficient to close the gap between goals and actions and to avoid severe climate impacts.
Link for more information.
FAO/WMO Report on Extreme Heat and Agriculture
FAO and WMO presented a report on extreme heat and agriculture whose main conclusions were:
- Extreme heat exacerbates crop and livestock losses due to drought and increases the vulnerability of forests to fires.
- A single heat wave can reduce agricultural productivity by up to 50%, and farmworkers are 35 times more likely to die from heat exposure.
- The 2014-2016 marine heatwave collapsed the Pacific food chain, leading to mass bird starvation and the closure of important fisheries.
- On land, the heat caused double-digit crop losses, reduced forest productivity by up to 50% and led to mass livestock mortality.
- Going forward, these trends will worsen: for every °C of additional warming, production of staple crops (such as maize and wheat) is projected to decline by 4 to 10 percent.
Link for more information.
2025 State of the Cryosphere Report
The latest research, detailed in the 2025 State of the Cryosphere Report, indicates that warming of polar ice sheets is likely to reach a threshold of as little as 1°C, and even lower temperatures for many glaciers.
Key findings of the Report:
- Slowing sea level rise to a manageable level requires a long-term temperature target of 1°C;
- Staying even at current warming levels of 1.2°C will likely lead to several metres of sea level rise in the coming centuries;
- The European Alps, Scandinavia, the Rocky Mountains of North America, and Iceland would lose at least half of their ice at sustained global temperatures of 1°C or below, and almost all ice at 2°C;
- Sea ice at both poles has declined throughout the year, with the combined Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent reaching its lowest area in February 2025;
- Ocean acidification has exceeded critical thresholds in the Arctic and parts of the Southern Ocean.
Link for more information.
Glacier Financing: ICCI Presented Diagnosis and Proposals to Overcome Barriers
The International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI) launched the document Barriers to Glaciers-related Financing, which identifies barriers to financing glacier projects (lack of data, scarcity of “bankable” projects, risks and coordination challenges) and proposes solutions such as blended finance, insurance and regional cooperation.
Link for more information.
Statement by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites and the Coordination Group on Meteorological Satellites
The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) highlighted the critical role of satellite observations in supporting the UNFCCC, particularly in relation to ice mass loss in Greenland, Antarctica, the polar oceans and mountain glaciers. Sustained in-situ and satellite observations reveal that, since 1976, glaciers have lost more than 9,000 Gt of water globally, almost half in the last decade. They also note that Earth observation satellites make it possible to monitor extreme events – even in real time – such as floods, droughts, forest fires, thunderstorms, heat waves, cold waves and tropical cyclones, which allows for strengthening early warning and response.
Link for more information.
Blue NDC Challenge
An Ocean Task Force was announced by an initiative, led by Brazil and France, that incorporates the oceans into a global mechanism to accelerate the integration of marine solutions into national climate plans and gives continuity to the work of the Blue NDC Challenge. It seeks to encourage countries to establish ocean protection targets in the update of their NDCs.
Link for more information.
Closing statement of COP 30 by the Business and Industry NGOs to the UNFCCC
The business community supported the PA, but highlighted some important considerations:
- The results continue to fall short of what the global economy demands;
- Adaptation is no longer a choice, it is an imperative;
- The decisions taken will not succeed without a radical change in finances;
- A concrete action plan is needed that integrates the core elements of the Baku–Belém Roadmap and channels capital into real large-scale projects; and
- International cooperation must remain the cornerstone.
Link for more information.
ARGENTINA´S PARTICIPATION IN COP 30.
The official Argentine delegation was small. Undersecretary Fernando Brom did not attend the meeting.
At the same time, several provincial governments came with their own delegations. The Argentine Green Alliance (AVA) – made up of 6 provinces: Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Pampa, Misiones and Santa Fe – participated and worked in the previous months to articulate a federal climate agenda, including a preparatory instance held in October in Paraná in order to present a common agenda during the COP.
Within this framework, issues such as the just energy transition, bioeconomy, resilient infrastructure, adaptation to climate change, sustainable cities, climate financing, sustainable agriculture and waste recovery, among other lines of action, were prioritized.
Several provinces took the opportunity to issue public statements of commitment to climate action. The province of Buenos Aires presented the Latin American Environmental Front, a joint initiative of provincial governments and civil society organizations to articulate a regional voice in the face of the climate crisis.
The province of Córdoba, represented by the Minister of Environment and Circular Economy, presented provincial environmental policies in international forums, underlining the need for subnational governments to play a key role in climate governance.
The province of Entre Ríos argued in a panel that climate federalism must be built from the territories with cooperation, learning and territorial commitment.
It should be recalled that before the formal start of COP 30, the Undersecretary of Environment of the Nation presented NDC 3.0, with revised goals for 2030/2035. However, Argentina arrived without a consolidated and operational version of this NDC, whose official presentation is expected shortly.
NEXT STEPS
Parties agreed that COP 31 (2026) will be held in Turkey and COP 32 (2027) will be hosted by Ethiopia.
On the other hand, a Pacific island country (not yet defined) will host the 2026 Pre-COP, the formal preparatory event for the sessions.
Finally, in accordance with the principle of regional rotation of the Presidency, COP 33 (2028) will correspond to the group of Asia-Pacific States, so they invited the countries of that region to submit nominations to host it.
[1] Decision 1/CMA.6.
[2] COP Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice.
[3] COP Subsidiary Body for Implementation.